Hukum Puasa Ibu Hamil & Menyusu: Rukhsah, Qada' & FidyahFasting Rulings for Pregnant & Nursing Mothers: Concession, Make-up & Fidyah

Ramadan datang menemui setiap Muslim, termasuk ibu yang sedang hamil atau menyusukan anak. Islam ialah agama yang mudah: apabila puasa dibimbangi mendatangkan bahaya kepada ibu atau bayinya, syarak memberi rukhsah (keringanan) untuk berbuka. Namun keringanan itu datang dengan tanggungjawab susulan — sama ada qada' sahaja, atau qada' beserta fidyah, bergantung kepada punca kebimbangan. Panduan ini — bersumberkan eBook "Panduan Prosedur Ramadan 2024" Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah Hospital Pakar An-Nur — menjelaskan bila ibu harus berbuka, beza antara dua keadaan itu, serta maksud dan kadar fidyah terkini. Ramadan comes to every Muslim, including a mother who is pregnant or nursing. Islam is a religion of ease: when fasting is feared to bring harm to the mother or her baby, the Shariah grants a rukhsah (concession) to break the fast. Yet that concession carries a follow-up duty — either make-up (qada') only, or make-up together with fidyah, depending on the source of the concern. This guide — drawn from the "Ramadan Procedure Guide 2024" eBook of the Shariah Compliance Department at An-Nur Specialist Hospital — explains when a mother may break her fast, the difference between the two situations, and the meaning and current rate of fidyah.

1. Hukum Asas: Harus Berbuka Jika Bimbang Bahaya1. The Basic Ruling: Breaking the Fast Is Permitted When Harm Is Feared

Hukum asalnya, puasa Ramadan wajib ke atas setiap Muslim yang baligh dan berkemampuan — termasuk ibu yang hamil atau menyusu. Namun apabila ibu bimbang puasa itu boleh memudaratkan dirinya, bayi dalam kandungan, atau bayi yang disusukan, syarak memberi keringanan: dia harus (dibenarkan) berbuka. Kebimbangan yang dimaksudkan ialah kebimbangan munasabah berasaskan tanda-tanda seperti pening berpanjangan, lemah teruk, susu berkurangan, atau nasihat doktor — bukan sekadar rasa penat biasa berpuasa. The default ruling is that fasting in Ramadan is obligatory upon every Muslim who has reached puberty and is able — including a mother who is pregnant or nursing. However, when a mother fears that fasting may harm herself, the baby in her womb, or the infant she is nursing, the Shariah grants a concession: she may (is permitted to) break the fast. The fear meant here is a reasonable concern based on signs such as persistent dizziness, severe weakness, a drop in milk supply, or a doctor's advice — not merely the ordinary tiredness of fasting.

Keringanan ini bukan rekaan manusia, sebaliknya datang daripada Rasulullah ﷺ sendiri. Anas bin Malik al-Ka'bi R.A. menceritakan bahawa baginda ﷺ bersabda: This concession is not a human invention; it comes from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ himself. Anas bin Malik al-Ka'bi R.A. related that the Prophet ﷺ said:

Hadith ini meletakkan ibu hamil dan ibu menyusu setaraf dengan orang musafir dari sudut keringanan puasa. Sebagaimana musafir dibenarkan berbuka lalu menggantikannya kemudian, begitu juga ibu yang bimbang bahaya. Asas Al-Quran pula terdapat dalam firman Allah tentang orang sakit dan musafir: This hadith places the pregnant and nursing mother on the same footing as the traveller regarding the fasting concession. Just as a traveller is permitted to break the fast and make it up later, so too is a mother who fears harm. The Quranic basis lies in Allah's words concerning the sick and the traveller:

Ibu hamil dan menyusu yang bimbang bahaya diqiaskan (disamakan hukumnya) dengan orang sakit dan musafir dalam ayat ini — mereka harus berbuka dan menggantikannya kemudian. Persoalan seterusnya ialah: adakah cukup dengan qada' sahaja, atau perlu qada' beserta fidyah? Jawapannya bergantung kepada punca kebimbangan, seperti dihuraikan di bawah. A pregnant or nursing mother who fears harm is analogised (given the same ruling as) the sick and the traveller in this verse — she may break the fast and make it up later. The next question is: does make-up (qada') alone suffice, or is fidyah also required? The answer depends on the source of the concern, as explained below.

2. Dua Keadaan: Qada' Sahaja vs Qada' + Fidyah2. Two Situations: Make-up Only vs Make-up + Fidyah

Setelah jelas bahawa ibu hamil dan menyusu harus berbuka, timbul pula soal apa yang wajib ditunaikan selepas Ramadan. Menurut pandangan yang diguna pakai (antaranya dalam Mazhab Syafie dan panduan Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah An-Nur), jawapannya bergantung kepada apa yang dibimbangkan oleh si ibu ketika memilih untuk berbuka: Once it is clear that a pregnant or nursing mother may break the fast, the question becomes what she must fulfil after Ramadan. According to the adopted view (including within the Shafi'i school and the guidance of the An-Nur Shariah Compliance Department), the answer depends on what the mother feared when she chose to break her fast:

3. Apa Itu Fidyah & Kadar Terkini (MAIS)3. What Is Fidyah & the Current Rate (MAIS)

Fidyah ialah bayaran berupa memberi makan seorang miskin bagi setiap hari puasa yang ditinggalkan dan tidak diganti. Dalam konteks ibu hamil/menyusu (Keadaan B di atas), fidyah dibayar bersama qada'. Fidyah juga dikenakan kepada sesiapa yang melewatkan qada' sehingga masuk Ramadan berikutnya tanpa keuzuran. Asasnya ialah firman Allah SWT: Fidyah is a payment in the form of feeding a poor person for each fasting day left unfulfilled and not made up. For a pregnant/nursing mother (Situation B above), fidyah is paid together with the make-up. Fidyah also applies to anyone who delays the make-up until the following Ramadan without excuse. Its basis is Allah's words:

Di Selangor, kadar fidyah ditetapkan oleh Majlis Agama Islam Selangor (MAIS) / Lembaga Zakat Selangor dan dikira mengikut jenis beras yang dimakan (selaras kaedah zakat fitrah). Kadar berikut ialah anggaran rujukan — sila sahkan kadar semasa yang tepat di mais.gov.my: In Selangor, the fidyah rate is set by the Selangor Islamic Religious Council (MAIS) / Selangor Zakat Board and is calculated by the type of rice consumed (in line with the zakat fitrah method). The rates below are reference estimates — please confirm the exact current rate at mais.gov.my:

Nota penting: Kadar dan kaedah kiraan fidyah berbeza mengikut negeri. Angka di atas ialah rujukan bagi Selangor (MAIS) dan boleh berubah dari semasa ke semasa. Rujuk pihak berkuasa zakat negeri anda untuk kadar rasmi terkini — contohnya mais.gov.my bagi negeri Selangor. Important note: Fidyah rates and calculation methods differ from state to state. The figures above are a reference for Selangor (MAIS) and may change over time. Refer to your state zakat authority for the official current rate — for example mais.gov.my for Selangor.

4. Bila Perlu Jumpa Doktor O&G4. When to See an O&G Doctor

Keputusan sama ada selamat berpuasa atau perlu berbuka bukan sekadar soal semangat, tetapi juga soal keselamatan perubatan. Kehamilan dan penyusuan meningkatkan keperluan tenaga dan cecair badan; bagi sesetengah ibu, berpuasa panjang boleh mencetuskan risiko. Jika anda hamil atau menyusu dan tidak pasti sama ada selamat berpuasa, dapatkan penilaian daripada Pakar Perbidanan & Sakit Puan (O&G) sebelum atau semasa Ramadan. Whether it is safe to fast or better to break it is not merely a matter of resolve, but also of medical safety. Pregnancy and nursing raise the body's need for energy and fluids; for some mothers, a long fast can trigger risk. If you are pregnant or nursing and are unsure whether it is safe to fast, seek an assessment from an Obstetrics & Gynaecology (O&G) specialist before or during Ramadan.

Antara keadaan yang wajar dibincangkan dengan doktor: Situations worth discussing with a doctor include:

• Kehamilan berisiko — kencing manis kehamilan (diabetes gestasi), tekanan darah tinggi, atau sejarah keguguran.High-risk pregnancy — gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, or a history of miscarriage.
• Tanda amaran — pening berpanjangan, muntah teruk, dehidrasi, lemah tidak terkawal, atau pengurangan pergerakan bayi.Warning signs — persistent dizziness, severe vomiting, dehydration, uncontrolled weakness, or reduced fetal movement.
• Bayi menyusu sepenuhnya — bimbang susu berkurangan atau berat badan bayi tidak naik.Exclusively breastfed baby — concern over reduced milk supply or the baby not gaining weight.
• Mengambil ubat berjadual — memerlukan penyelarasan dos semasa berpuasa.On scheduled medication — requiring dose adjustment while fasting.

Sebagai hospital pakar patuh syariah pertama di Malaysia, Hospital Pakar An-Nur menyokong ibu menjaga dua-dua: ketaatan beribadah dan kesihatan diri serta bayi. Pasukan O&G kami boleh menilai keadaan anda dan memberi nasihat yang menghormati keputusan syarie anda — dalam suasana yang menjaga aurat dan maruah, dengan doktor serta jururawat wanita untuk pesakit Muslimah. Terokai perkhidmatan kesihatan wanita & pakej bersalin patuh syariah An-Nur. As Malaysia's first Shariah-compliant specialist hospital, An-Nur Specialist Hospital supports mothers in safeguarding both: devotion in worship and the health of mother and baby. Our O&G team can assess your condition and advise in a way that respects your Shariah decision — in a setting that preserves aurah and dignity, with female doctors and nurses for Muslim patients. Explore An-Nur's women's health services & Shariah-compliant maternity packages.

Puasa, Ibadah & Kesihatan Ibu di An-NurFasting, Worship & a Mother's Health at An-Nur

Hospital Pakar An-Nur ialah hospital pakar patuh syariah pertama di Malaysia. Bagi kami, kesihatan ibu dan ketenangan beribadah berjalan seiring. Kami percaya seorang ibu boleh memelihara agamanya — termasuk keputusan berpuasa, berbuka, qada' dan fidyah — sambil menerima penjagaan perubatan yang menjaga aurat dan maruahnya, dengan doktor serta jururawat wanita untuk pesakit Muslimah. An-Nur Specialist Hospital is Malaysia's first Shariah-compliant specialist hospital. For us, a mother's health and her peace in worship go hand in hand. We believe a mother can protect her religion — including decisions on fasting, breaking the fast, make-up and fidyah — while receiving medical care that safeguards her aurah and dignity, with female doctors and nurses for Muslim patients.

Untuk hal ehwal fiqh puasa dan ibadah, rujuklah Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah kami atau Mufti negeri anda; untuk soal keselamatan berpuasa ketika hamil atau menyusu, berbincanglah dengan Pakar O&G kami. Terokai perkhidmatan kesihatan wanita & pakej bersalin patuh syariah An-Nur, atau baca panduan berkaitan: hukum puasa pesakit & prosedur perubatan ketika Ramadan. For matters of fasting fiqh and worship, refer to our Shariah Compliance Department or your state Mufti; for questions of fasting safety while pregnant or nursing, speak with our O&G specialists. Explore An-Nur's women's health services & Shariah-compliant maternity packages, or read the related guide: fasting rulings for patients & medical procedures during Ramadan.

Soalan Lazim (FAQ)Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

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