Cara Kira Tempoh Haid: Darah Putus Putus, Had 15 Hari dan Tanda SuciHow to Count Menstrual Days: Intermittent Bleeding, the 15 Day Limit and Signs of Purity

Berapa lama sebenarnya tempoh haid? Mengikut Mazhab Syafie, jawapannya jelas: sekurang-kurang haid ialah sehari semalam (24 jam), sebanyak-banyaknya 15 hari 15 malam, dan kebiasaannya 6 atau 7 hari. Artikel ini menerangkan cara mengira tempoh tersebut langkah demi langkah, termasuk kes darah putus-putus, contoh situasi haid atau istihadah, dan dua tanda suci yang perlu diperhatikan. Kandungannya bersumberkan slaid "Fiqh Darah Wanita & Isu Semasa" terbitan Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah Hospital Pakar An-Nur, dan semua tempoh yang dinyatakan mengikut pandangan Mazhab Syafie. How long does menstruation actually last? According to the Shafi'i school, the answer is clear: the minimum of menstruation is a day and a night (24 hours), the maximum is 15 days and 15 nights, and it usually lasts 6 or 7 days. This article explains how to count those durations step by step, including cases of intermittent bleeding, worked examples of menstruation versus istihadah, and the two signs of purity to look for. The content is drawn from the "Fiqh of Women's Blood & Contemporary Issues" slide deck produced by the Shariah Compliance Department of An-Nur Specialist Hospital, and all durations stated follow the Shafi'i school's view.

Tiga angka kunci ini dinyatakan dalam kitab al-Muqaddimah al-Hadhramiyyah, sebuah kitab fiqh Mazhab Syafie yang menjadi rujukan slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah An-Nur: These three key figures are stated in al-Muqaddimah al-Hadhramiyyah, a Shafi'i fiqh text referenced in the An-Nur Shariah Compliance Department slides:

1. Apa Itu Haid dan Warna Darahnya1. What Menstrual Blood Is and Its Colours

Dalam fiqh, haid ialah darah kebiasaan yang keluar dari bahagian paling hujung dalam rahim wanita dalam keadaan sihat, bukan disebabkan penyakit dan bukan kerana bersalin. Ia proses tabii yang dialami wanita apabila cukup umurnya, dan hukum ibadah seperti solat dan puasa berkait terus dengan tempohnya. Asas hukumnya disebut jelas dalam Al-Quran: In fiqh, haid (menstruation) is the customary blood that flows from the innermost part of a woman's womb in a healthy state, not caused by illness and not due to childbirth. It is a natural process a woman experiences upon reaching the qualifying age, and rulings of worship such as prayer and fasting are tied directly to its duration. Its legal basis is stated clearly in the Quran:

Dari sudut warna pula, darah dalam fiqh tidak semestinya merah sahaja. Para fuqaha menyenaraikan lima warna darah: hitam, merah, perang, kuning dan keruh. Ini penting apabila menyemak tanda suci nanti: selagi cecair yang keluar masih berwarna salah satu daripada lima warna ini, ia masih dikira darah. As for colour, blood in fiqh is not necessarily red alone. The jurists list five colours of blood: black, red, brown, yellow and turbid (murky). This matters when checking the signs of purity later: as long as the discharge still carries one of these five colours, it is still counted as blood.

2. Bila Usia Haid Bermula: Sekitar 9 Tahun Hijrah2. When the Age of Menstruation Begins: About 9 Hijri Years

Darah yang keluar hanya dikira haid apabila seorang anak perempuan telah mencapai usia sekitar sembilan tahun mengikut kiraan hijriah, bukan kiraan masihi. Slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah memberikan contoh mudah kiraan tahun hijriah: Blood that appears is only counted as menstruation once a girl has reached the age of about nine years by the Hijri calendar, not the Gregorian one. The Shariah Compliance Department slides give a simple example of counting Hijri years:

Satu perincian penting: darah yang turun ketika baki tempoh kurang daripada 16 hari 16 malam sebelum genap sembilan tahun juga sudah dikira haid. Ertinya, seorang anak yang didatangi darah sedikit lebih awal daripada hari genap sembilan tahunnya, dalam had baki itu, sudah dihukum sebagai wanita yang berhaid. One important detail: blood that appears when less than 16 days and 16 nights remain before the ninth year is completed is also counted as menstruation. In other words, a girl whose bleeding starts slightly before the exact day she turns nine, within that remaining window, is already ruled to be menstruating.

3. Maksud Sekurang-Kurang Haid: Sehari Semalam (24 Jam)3. The Minimum of Menstruation: A Day and a Night (24 Hours)

Apakah maksud "sekurang-kurang haid sehari semalam"? Slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah menerangkan bahawa syarat 24 jam ini boleh dipenuhi melalui dua gambaran: What does "the minimum of menstruation is a day and a night" mean? The Shariah Compliance Department slides explain that this 24 hour requirement can be met in two ways:

Contoh kiraan darah putus-putus daripada slaid, dengan jumlah kesemua tempoh darah keluar genap 24 jam: A worked example of intermittent bleeding from the slides, where the total time of bleeding adds up to exactly 24 hours:

Dalam contoh ini, kesemua hari 1 hingga 5 disahkan sebagai haid, termasuk waktu darah berhenti seketika di antaranya. In this example, all of days 1 to 5 are confirmed as menstruation, including the moments in between when the blood paused.

4. Darah Putus Putus: Bila Solat, Bila Mandi Wajib4. Intermittent Bleeding: When to Pray, When to Perform the Obligatory Bath

Persoalan paling praktikal bagi wanita yang mengalami darah putus-putus: apakah yang perlu dilakukan pada hari darah keluar sekejap dan berhenti sekejap itu? Mengambil contoh jadual di atas, slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah menggariskan amalannya seperti berikut: The most practical question for a woman with intermittent bleeding: what should she do on those days when blood comes and goes? Using the table above as the example, the Shariah Compliance Department slides set out the practice as follows:

1. Ketika darah sedang keluar: tidak boleh menunaikan solat, kerana pada waktu itu darah sedang turun.While the blood is flowing: she does not perform the prayer, because at that moment blood is coming out.
2. Apabila darah berhenti (contohnya selepas 5 jam ia keluar): basuh kemaluan, ambil wuduk dan tunaikan solat seperti biasa, tanpa mandi wajib.When the blood stops (for example after it has flowed for 5 hours): wash the private part, take ablution (wudu') and pray as usual, without the obligatory bath.
3. Ulang amalan yang sama pada hari kedua, ketiga dan keempat: berhenti solat ketika darah keluar, kemudian basuh, berwuduk dan solat apabila ia berhenti.Repeat the same practice on the second, third and fourth days: pause the prayer while blood flows, then wash, take ablution and pray once it stops.
4. Apabila darah berhenti pada hari kelima dan jumlah terkumpul genap 24 jam: barulah mandi wajib sebelum menunaikan solat, kerana keseluruhan hari 1 hingga 5 kini disahkan sebagai haid.When the blood stops on the fifth day and the accumulated total reaches 24 hours: only then is the obligatory bath (ghusl) performed before praying, because the whole of days 1 to 5 is now confirmed as menstruation.

5. Cara Kira Had Maksimum 15 Hari 15 Malam5. How to Count the 15 Day 15 Night Maximum

Had maksimum haid dikira dari waktu darah mula keluar, bukan dari tengah malam atau awal hari. Slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah memberikan contoh berikut: The maximum limit of menstruation is counted from the moment the blood first appears, not from midnight or the start of the day. The Shariah Compliance Department slides give this example:

Satu kaedah penting daripada slaid: darah yang cukup sehari semalam, tidak melebihi 15 hari 15 malam, dan keluar dalam waktu yang boleh didatangi haid, maka kesemuanya adalah haid, walaupun sifat darahnya berbeza-beza dan menyalahi adat kebiasaannya. Contoh daripada slaid: darah turun pada hari pertama, berhenti pada hari keempat hingga ketujuh, kemudian turun semula pada hari kelapan hingga ke-13. Kesemua hari itu, termasuk hari darah berhenti, dikira haid kerana masih dalam lingkungan 15 hari. An important rule from the slides: blood that reaches a day and a night, does not exceed 15 days and 15 nights, and appears within a time in which menstruation is possible is all counted as menstruation, even if its characteristics vary and depart from her usual pattern. The slides' example: blood flows on day one, stops from day four to day seven, then flows again from day eight to day 13. All of those days, including the days the blood paused, count as menstruation because they fall within the 15 day window.

6. Tempoh Suci Antara Dua Haid6. The Period of Purity Between Two Menstruations

Selepas satu haid berakhir, mesti ada tempoh suci sebelum darah baharu boleh dikira haid yang baharu. Mazhab Syafie menetapkan tiga angka bagi tempoh suci ini: After one menstruation ends, there must be a period of purity before new blood can count as a new menstruation. The Shafi'i school sets three figures for this period of purity:

Angka sekurang-kurang suci 15 hari inilah kunci untuk memahami tiga situasi dalam bahagian seterusnya: darah baharu hanya boleh dikira haid baharu apabila genap 15 hari suci selepas haid sebelumnya. This minimum purity figure of 15 days is the key to understanding the three scenarios in the next section: new blood can only count as a new menstruation once 15 full days of purity have passed since the previous one.

7. Tiga Situasi: Haid, Suci atau Istihadah?7. Three Scenarios: Menstruation, Purity or Istihadah?

Slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah menggabungkan semua kaedah di atas dalam tiga situasi contoh. Ketiga-tiganya bermula sama: darah keluar pada hari 1 hingga 7, kemudian berhenti. Perbezaannya terletak pada bila darah kedua muncul. The Shariah Compliance Department slides bring all the rules above together in three worked scenarios. All three begin the same way: blood flows on days 1 to 7, then stops. The difference lies in when the second episode of blood appears.

Situasi 1: Darah kedua selepas genap 15 hari suciScenario 1: The second blood comes after 15 full days of purity

Alasannya: tempoh sekurang-kurang suci, iaitu 15 hari, sudah genap antara dua darah itu (hari 8 hingga 22), dan kedua-dua darah cukup syarat haid. Maka darah pada hari 23 hingga 28 ialah haid yang baharu. The reasoning: the minimum period of purity, 15 days, is complete between the two episodes of blood (days 8 to 22), and both episodes meet the requirements of menstruation. The blood on days 23 to 28 is therefore a new menstruation.

Situasi 2: Darah kedua muncul sebelum genap 15 hari suciScenario 2: The second blood appears before 15 days of purity are complete

Alasannya: darah pada hari 18 hingga 22 jatuh dalam tempoh suci yang masih berbaki. Suci baru berjalan 10 hari (hari 8 hingga 17), belum genap 15 hari. Maka darah itu bukan haid baharu, tetapi istihadah, dan solat wajib diteruskan. The reasoning: the blood on days 18 to 22 falls within a period of purity that is still incomplete. Only 10 days of purity have run (days 8 to 17), short of the required 15. That blood is therefore not a new menstruation but istihadah, and prayer remains obligatory.

Situasi 3: Selepas istihadah, darah ketiga muncul pada hari ke-23Scenario 3: After istihadah, a third episode of blood appears on day 23

Alasannya: hari 18 hingga 22 masih dalam tempoh suci yang berbaki, maka darahnya istihadah; hari-hari istihadah itu dikira sebahagian daripada tempoh suci. Menjelang hari 23, tempoh suci genap 15 hari (hari 8 hingga 22). Oleh itu, darah pada hari 23 hingga 25 ialah haid yang baharu. The reasoning: days 18 to 22 still fall within the incomplete period of purity, so that blood is istihadah; those istihadah days are counted as part of the period of purity. By day 23, the period of purity reaches its 15 day minimum (days 8 to 22). The blood on days 23 to 25 is therefore a new menstruation.

8. Tanda Suci daripada Haid8. Signs of Purity After Menstruation

Bagaimana hendak pasti haid sudah berakhir? Slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah menyebut dua tanda suci: How can a woman be sure her menstruation has ended? The Shariah Compliance Department slides mention two signs of purity:

Cara semakan yang mudah dan bersih: gunakan sedikit kapas atau tisu putih yang bersih, letakkan pada bahagian dalam faraj, kemudian keluarkan dan perhatikan. Jika kapas itu keluar bersih tanpa sebarang kesan darah, warna kuning atau keruh, atau kelihatan cecair putih padanya, maka anda telah suci. Pada ketika itu, wajib mandi wajib sebelum menunaikan solat dan ibadah lain. A simple, hygienic way to check: take a small piece of clean white cotton or tissue, place it just inside the vagina, then remove it and observe. If it comes out clean with no trace of blood, yellow or murky discolouration, or shows the white discharge, purity has been attained. At that point, the obligatory bath (ghusl) becomes due before praying and performing other acts of worship.

9. Darah Melebihi 15 Hari: Istihadah dan 7 Kategori Mustahadah9. Bleeding Beyond 15 Days: Istihadah and the 7 Categories of Mustahadah

Apabila darah berterusan melebihi 15 hari 15 malam, lebihan itu bukan lagi haid tetapi istihadah: darah penyakit atau darah urat. Wanita istihadah tidak meninggalkan solat. Asasnya ialah hadis Fatimah binti Abi Hubaysh R.A. yang mengadu kepada Rasulullah ﷺ tentang darah yang berpanjangan: When bleeding continues beyond 15 days and 15 nights, the excess is no longer menstruation but istihadah: the blood of illness, or vein blood. A woman in istihadah does not abandon her prayers. The basis is the hadith of Fatimah bint Abi Hubaysh R.A., who complained to the Prophet ﷺ of prolonged bleeding:

Slaid Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah membahagikan wanita mustahadah (yang mengalami istihadah) kepada tujuh kategori: The Shariah Compliance Department slides divide the mustahadah (a woman experiencing istihadah) into seven categories:

1. Pertama kali keluar darah dan dapat membezakan warna darahnya.Bleeding for the first time and able to distinguish the colours of the blood.
2. Pertama kali keluar darah dan tidak dapat membezakan warnanya.Bleeding for the first time and unable to distinguish its colours.
3. Pernah haid dan suci, serta dapat membezakan warna darah.Has experienced menstruation and purity before, and can distinguish the colours of the blood.
4. Pernah haid dan suci, tidak dapat membezakan warna, tetapi ingat kadar dan waktu adat haidnya.Has experienced menstruation and purity, cannot distinguish the colours, but remembers the amount and timing of her habitual cycle.
5. Tidak dapat membezakan warna dan lupa kadar serta waktu adatnya.Cannot distinguish the colours and has forgotten both the amount and the timing of her habit.
6. Ingat kadar adatnya tetapi lupa waktunya.Remembers the amount of her habit but has forgotten its timing.
7. Lupa kadar adatnya tetapi ingat waktunya.Has forgotten the amount of her habit but remembers its timing.

Setiap kategori mempunyai hukum kiraan yang berbeza, dan perinciannya tidak dihuraikan dalam slaid. Bagi kes peribadi, rujuklah Jabatan Pematuhan Syariah Hospital Pakar An-Nur atau ustazah yang bertauliah supaya kiraan haid dan istihadah anda tepat. Untuk memahami perbezaan asas ketiga-tiga darah wanita, baca artikel penuh kami: Beza Darah Haid, Istihadah dan Nifas dalam Fiqh Wanita. Each category carries a different counting rule, and the details are not elaborated in the slides. For personal cases, consult the Shariah Compliance Department of An-Nur Specialist Hospital or a qualified ustazah so that your menstruation and istihadah count is accurate. To understand the basic differences between the three types of women's blood, read our full article: The Difference Between Haid, Istihadah and Nifas in Women's Fiqh.

10. Bila Perlu Jumpa Pakar O&G: Amaran Penting10. When to See an O&G Specialist: An Important Caution

Buat Temujanji Pakar O&GBook an O&G Specialist Appointment

Soalan Lazim (FAQ)Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Baca SeterusnyaRead Next

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